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1 ложный вывод
1) General subject: fallacious deduction, fallacy, fallacy (в статистике)2) Mathematics: false inference3) Law: non sequitur4) Economy: false conclusion -
2 ложный вывод
fallacy, false conclusion, false inferenceРусско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > ложный вывод
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3 παραλογισμός
παραλληλ-ισμός, ὁ,A false reasoning, fallacy,τοὺς π. κατά τινων ποιήσονται Lycurg.31
, cf. Gal.11.465, etc.; false inference,τοῦ θεάτρου Arist.Po. 1455a13
; οἱ ἔξω τῆς λέξεως π. material fallacies, opp. οἱ παρὰ τὴν λέξιν ἔλεγχοι, Id.SE 166b21.II deception, fraud, Plb. 1.81.8, PLond.1.24.26(ii B. C.), etc.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παραλογισμός
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4 смею утверждать, что это неправильный вывод
General subject: that, I submit, is a false inferenceУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > смею утверждать, что это неправильный вывод
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5 παραλογίζομαι
παραλληλ-ίζομαι, in keeping accounts,A cheat, D.27.29, 41.30, Philem.32 : c. dupl. acc., defraud of,π. τρία ἡμιωβέλια τοὺς ναοποιούς Arist.Rh. 1374b26
, cf.Isoc. 12.243 ; reckon fraudulently,τὸν μισθόν LXX Ge.31.41
;τὰ πορθμεῖα Luc.DMort.4.1
: generally, defraud, τινα LXX Ge.29.25, PMagd.29.5 (iii B.C.) :—[voice] Pass.,δαπάνας παραλογισθείσας OGI665.15
(Egypt, i A.D.).2 mislead by fallacious reasoning,σφᾶς αὐτούς Isoc.Ep.6.12
;σαυτόν Aeschin.3.221
, Phld.Rh.1.134S.;ἀπάτῃ τινὶ π. τινάς Aeschin.1.117
; μεγάλα τὴν πόγιν π. Id.2.128 :— [voice] Pass., to be misled by fallacious reasoning,π. ἡ διάνοια ὑπό τινων Arist. Pol. 1307b35
, Iamb.Protr.2;αἰτίαις Phld.Lib.p.49
O.:—[voice] Pass. and [voice] Med. opposed,παραλογισθῆναι καὶ παραλογίσασθαι Arist. Top. 108a27
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παραλογίζομαι
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6 Schluss
m; -es, Schlüsse1. nur Sg. end; (Abschluss) conclusion; PARL., einer Debatte: closing; auf Antrag: closure, Am. cloture; (Geschäftsschluss) closing time; (Redaktionsschluss) deadline; am Schluss eines Jahres at the end ( oder close) of a year; (nach Ablauf) after a year; Schluss für heute! that’s all for today; Schluss damit! stop it!, that’ll do (now)!; und damit Schluss! and that’s that, and that’s the end of that; Schluss mit dem Unsinn! stop that nonsense, enough of that nonsense; am Schluss at the end; (letztendlich) in the end; irgendwann muss mal Schluss sein you’ve got to call a halt somewhere; mit ihm ist Schluss umg. (er muss sterben) it’s all over with him; (er ist ruiniert) he’s done for; zum Schluss finally, to finish off; (am Ende) in the end; kurz vor Schluss shortly before closing time ( vor Dienstschluss: before finishing work); bis zum Schluss bleiben stay to the end; zum Schluss kommen come to a close; zum Schluss möchte ich noch sagen in conclusion may I say; siehe auch Ende2. Schluss machen a) (die Arbeit beenden) finish work, knock off (for the day) umg.; machen wir Schluss für heute let’s call it a day; b) (sich vom Partner trennen) break it off; sie hat mit ihm Schluss gemacht she’s broken it off with him, she’s given him the push; c) (Selbstmord verüben) put an end to it all; d) Schluss machen mit (etw.) stop; (dem Rauchen etc.) auch give up; (jemandem) finish with3. meist Sg.; eines Buches, Films etc.: ending; dritter Teil und Schluss am Freitag third and final part on Friday4. (hinterer Teil) rear, back, end; das Telefon befindet sich am Schluss des Zuges the telephone is at the rear ( oder back, end) of the train5. (Folgerung) conclusion; einen Schluss ziehen draw a conclusion, conclude ( aus from); zieh aus ihrem Verhalten keine falschen Schlüsse don’t draw any false conclusions from her behavio(u)r; zu dem Schluss kommen oder gelangen, dass... come to the conclusion that..., decide that...; voreilig, Weisheit* * *der Schluss(Ende) final; windup; finish; close; end; ending;(Schlussfolgerung) conclusion; consequence* * *Schlụss [ʃlʊs]m -es, -e['ʃlʏsə]1) no pl (= Ende) end; (eines Romans, Gedichts, Theaterstücks) end, ending, conclusion; (= hinterer Teil) back, end, rearSchluss! — that'll do!, stop!
Schluss für heute! — that's it or all for today, that'll do for today
Schluss damit! — stop it!, that'll do!
... und damit Schluss! —... and that's that!,... and that's the end of it!
nun ist aber Schluss!, Schluss jetzt! — that's enough now!
am/zum Schluss des Jahres — at the end of the year
zum Schluss sangen wir... — at the end we sang...
zum Schluss möchte ich noch darauf hinweisen, dass... — to conclude or in conclusion I would like to point out that...
ich muss Schluss machen (in Brief) — I'll have to finish off now; (am Telefon) I'll have to go now
mit etw Schluss machen — to stop or end sth, to finish with sth (inf)
2) no pl (= das Schließen) closing3) (= Folgerung) conclusionzu dem Schluss kommen, dass... — to come to the conclusion or to conclude that...
aus etw den Schluss ziehen, dass... — to draw the conclusion or to conclude from sth that...
aus etw die richtigen/falschen Schlüsse ziehen — to draw the right/wrong conclusions from sth
See:→ Weisheit4) (TECH)die Tür hat einen guten/schlechten Schluss — the door is a good/bad fit
* * *SchlussRR<-es, Schlüsse>SchlußALT<Schlusses, Schlüsse>[ʃlʊs, pl ˈʃlʏsə]mes ist \Schluss! enough's enough!keinen \Schluss finden to go on endlessly\Schluss für heute! that's enough [or that'll do] for today!\Schluss [jetzt]! that's enough!, that'll do!jetzt [ist] aber \Schluss [damit]! that's enough [of that]!, that'll do!kurz vor \Schluss just before closing time\Schluss machen (Feierabend) to stop working, to knock off fam; (fam: kündigen) to quit [one's job] fam ( bei + dat at)[mit jdm] \Schluss machen (abweisen) to break it off [with sb], to finish with sbich muss jetzt \Schluss machen I have to stop now; (am Telefon) I have to go nowmit der Arbeit \Schluss machen to stop work, to knock off fam\Schluss für heute machen to call it a daymit dem Rauchen/Trinken \Schluss machen to stop smoking/drinkingzum \Schluss möchte ich... finally [or in conclusion] I would like...zum \Schluss kommen to finish, to bring one's remarks/speech to a conclusiondamit komme ich zum \Schluss meiner Rede that brings me to the end of my speech▪ irgendwo ist \Schluss somewhere is the endhier ist \Schluss this is the end of the line\Schluss damit! stop it!\Schluss mit dem Blödsinn! enough of this nonsense!\Schluss mit deiner Winselei! stop whining!\Schluss mit lustig! (fam) enough joking now!mit dem Rauchen ist jetzt \Schluss! (an andere) right! that's enough smoking now!; (an sich selbst) I'm going to stop smoking right now!und dann war \Schluss mit guten Ideen (fam) and then we/they etc. ran out of good ideasden \Schluss [einer S. gen] bilden to be at the back [or rear] [or end] [of sth]; Person a. to take the rear\Schluss folgt [im nächsten Heft] final part in the next issue[aus etw dat] einen \Schluss/bestimmte Schlüsse ziehen to draw [or reach] a conclusion/particular conclusions from sthaus etw dat den \Schluss ziehen, dass... to draw from sth the conclusion [or to reach the conclusion] that...zu dem \Schluss kommen, dass... to come to the conclusion that...[einen] guten \Schluss haben to fit tightly [or well], to shut [or close] tight; Dichtung to form a good sealeinen/keinen guten \Schluss haben to have a good/have no seatmit den Knien [guten] \Schluss nehmen to grip with one's knees8. BÖRSE closing, close10. PHILOS [logical] deductionnach \Schluss der Türen after the doors have closed15.▶ es ist \Schluss mit lustig it's the end of the party, the fun's over* * *der; Schlusses, Schlüssenach/gegen Schluss der Aufführung — after/towards the end of the performance
mit etwas ist Schluss — something is at an end or over; (ugs.): (etwas ist ruiniert) something has had it (coll.)
mit dem Rauchen ist jetzt Schluss — there's to be no more smoking; you must stop smoking; (auf sich bezogen) I've given up smoking
Schluss jetzt!, Schluss damit! — stop it!; that'll do!
Schluss für heute! — that's it or that'll do for today
am od. zum Schluss — at the end; (schließlich) in the end; finally
Schluss machen — (ugs.) stop; (Feierabend machen) knock off; (seine Stellung aufgeben) pack in one's job (coll.); (eine Freundschaft usw. lösen) break it off; (sich das Leben nehmen) end it all (coll.)
mit jemandem Schluss machen — finish with somebody; break it off with somebody
3) (Folgerung) conclusion (auf + Akk. regarding); (Logik) deduction* * *1. nur sg end; (Abschluss) conclusion; PARL, einer Debatte: closing; auf Antrag: closure, US cloture; (Geschäftsschluss) closing time; (Redaktionsschluss) deadline;Schluss für heute! that’s all for today;Schluss damit! stop it!, that’ll do (now)!;und damit Schluss! and that’s that, and that’s the end of that;Schluss mit dem Unsinn! stop that nonsense, enough of that nonsense;am Schluss at the end; (letztendlich) in the end;irgendwann muss mal Schluss sein you’ve got to call a halt somewhere;zum Schluss finally, to finish off; (am Ende) in the end;kurz vor Schluss shortly before closing time ( vor Dienstschluss: before finishing work);bis zum Schluss bleiben stay to the end;zum Schluss kommen come to a close;2.machen wir Schluss für heute let’s call it a day; (sich vom Partner trennen) break it off;sie hat mit ihm Schluss gemacht she’s broken it off with him, she’s given him the push; (Selbstmord verüben) put an end to it all;3. meist sg; eines Buches, Films etc: ending;dritter Teil und Schluss am Freitag third and final part on Friday4. (hinterer Teil) rear, back, end;das Telefon befindet sich am Schluss des Zuges the telephone is at the rear ( oder back, end) of the train5. (Folgerung) conclusion;einen Schluss ziehen draw a conclusion, conclude (aus from);zieh aus ihrem Verhalten keine falschen Schlüsse don’t draw any false conclusions from her behavio(u)r;6. nur sg; TECH fit;guten Schluss haben be a good fit; Fenster, Tür auch: close tightlyguten Schluss haben have a good grip (with the thighs) on the horse’s flanks* * *der; Schlusses, Schlüssenach/gegen Schluss der Aufführung — after/towards the end of the performance
mit etwas ist Schluss — something is at an end or over; (ugs.): (etwas ist ruiniert) something has had it (coll.)
mit dem Rauchen ist jetzt Schluss — there's to be no more smoking; you must stop smoking; (auf sich bezogen) I've given up smoking
Schluss jetzt!, Schluss damit! — stop it!; that'll do!
Schluss für heute! — that's it or that'll do for today
am od. zum Schluss — at the end; (schließlich) in the end; finally
Schluss machen — (ugs.) stop; (Feierabend machen) knock off; (seine Stellung aufgeben) pack in one's job (coll.); (eine Freundschaft usw. lösen) break it off; (sich das Leben nehmen) end it all (coll.)
mit jemandem Schluss machen — finish with somebody; break it off with somebody
3) (Folgerung) conclusion (auf + Akk. regarding); (Logik) deduction* * *¨-e f.deduction n. ¨-e m.closing n.conclusion n.end n.issue n. -
7 правило
dresser, ( для штукатурных работ) straight edge, Darby float, Derby float, float, floater, rod, ( при устройстве асфальтобетонного или бетонного покрытия) gage, law, ( для бетона) lute, floating rule, rule, principle, regulation, shaping tool* * *пра́вило с.
rule; мн. regulations; ( промышленно-отраслевые) codeпра́вила безопа́сности — safety regulationsпра́вила безопа́сности полё́тов — safety-flying regulationsпра́вило бура́вчика эл. — right-hand screw [thumb, corkscrew, Ampere's] ruleпра́вила визуа́льного полё́та [ПВП] — visual flight rules, VFRпра́вило Де Мо́ргана ( в булевой алгебре) — De Morgan lawпра́вило замеще́ния — substitution ruleпра́вило запре́та ( в квантовой механике) — Pauli-Fermi principleпра́вило зна́ков мат. — rule [convention] of signsпра́вила котлонадзо́ра — boiler codeпра́вило ле́вой руки́ — left-hand [Fleming's] ruleпра́вило Ле́нца эл. — Lenz's lawпра́вило ло́жного положе́ния мат. — rule [method] of false position, false-position method, regula falsiпра́вило площаде́й аргд. — area rule, law of areasпра́вила полё́тов — flight rulesпра́вила полё́тов по прибо́рам [ППП] — instrument flight rules, IFRпра́вило пра́вой руки́ — right-hand ruleпра́вила сопоставле́ния сообще́ния с ко́дом — ( при кодировании) encoding codebook; ( при декодировании) decoding codebookпра́вило сре́дней тре́ти — middle-third ruleпра́вила те́хники безопа́сности — safety regulationsпра́вила техни́ческой эксплуата́ции желе́зных доро́г [ПТЭ] — Railway Operating Rulesпра́вила у́личного движе́ния — traffic rulesпра́вила устро́йства электроустано́вок — electric installation codeпра́вило фаз — phase [Gibbs] ruleцепно́е пра́вило1. ( при дифференцировании) chain rule2. ( в логике) chain inferenceпра́вило што́пора — corkscrew [right-hand screw] ruleэмпири́ческое пра́вило — empirical rule, rule of thumb -
8 заключение
conclusion, inference, inclusion, confinement, summary•... имеет глубокие и далеко идущие заключения (= результаты). -... has a number of profound and far-reaching implications.•. Было обнаружено, что это заключение неверно, когда... - This conclusion is found to be false when...• В заключение необходимо отметить... - We note finally...; In conclusion, we note...• В заключение необходимо подчеркнуть, что... - In conclusion, it should be stressed that...• В заключение отметим, что... - We remark, in conclusion, that...• В заключение мы видим, что... - In summary, we see that...• Второе заключение может быть доказано подобным рассуждением. - The second conclusion can be proved by a similar argument.• Давайте рассмотрим заново наше заключение, что... - Let us reconsider our conclusion that...• Данное заключение находится в противоречии с мнением Смита [1], который... - This conclusion is at variance with that of Smith [1], who...• Для нас оказывается безопасным заключение, что... - It appears safe for us to conclude that...• Заключение, вытекающее из данного обсуждения, состоит в том, что... - The conclusion to be drawn from this discussion is that...• Заключение, которое вытекает из следующих двух примеров, состоит в том, что... - The conclusion to be drawn from these two examples is that...• Из предыдущего анализа можно сделать два общих заключения. - Two broad conclusions can be drawn from the above analysis.• Из этих измерений можно сделать несколько заключений. - Several conclusions may be drawn from these measurements.• Из этого было сделано заключение (о том), что... - From this it has been concluded that...• Итак, мы приходим к важному заключению, что... - We thus come to the important conclusion that...• Итак, мы приходим к заключению в обсуждении этих вопросов. - At this point we bring our discussion of these matters to a close.• Можно показать, что в целом это заключение является справедливым. - It can be shown that this conclusion is generally valid.• Мы можем получить то же самое заключение другим способом в случае, когда... - We can reach the same conclusion in another way for the case of...• Мы можем сформулировать два важных заключения. - We may draw two important conclusions.• Непосредственное применение теоремы 1 приводит к заключению, что... - A direct application of Theorem 1 yields...• Общее заключение (= мнение) состояло в том, что... - The general conclusion was that...• Общее заключение состоит в том, что... - The general conclusion is that...• По этой причине мы не можем немедленно сделать заключение, что... - For this reason we cannot immediately conclude that...• С помощью рассуждений, полностью аналогичных тем, что представлены в предыдущей главе, мы приходим к заключению, что... - By arguments that are completely analogous to those presented in the previous chapter we conclude that...• Существуют экспериментальные подтверждения заключения, что... - There are experimental reasons for concluding that...• Теперь мы дадим краткое заключение (о)... - We now give a brief account of...• Чтобы прийти к определенному заключению, мы... - То arrive at a definite conclusion, we...• Экспериментальные данные существенно поддерживают эти заключения. - Experimental evidence strongly supports these conclusions.• Это заключение базируется на тех же идеях, которые приводят к... - This conclusion is based on the same ideas that lead to...• Это заключение, очевидно, не ограничивается (случаем)... - This conclusion is obviously not restricted to...• Это общее заключение применяется к широкому классу... - This general conclusion applies to a wide class of...• Это привело нескольких авторов к заключению, что... - This has led several authors to believe that...• Это противоречит заключению, сделанному Смитом [1]. - This is in conflict with conclusions reached by Smith [1]. -
9 तुला _tulā
तुला [तुल्-भिदा˚ अङ्]1 A balance; तस्मात्ते$द्य प्रदास्यामि स्वमांसं तुलया धृतम् Mb.3.131.25; the beam of a balance; तुलया धृ to hold in a balance, to weigh, consider equal; अश्वमेधसहस्राणि सत्यं च तुलया धृतम् H.4.131. v. l.-2 A measure, weight.-3 Weighing.-4 Resemblance, like- ness, equality, similarity (with gen., instr. or in comp.); किं धूर्जटेरिव तुलामुपयाति संख्ये Ve.3.8; तुलां यदारोहति दन्तवाससा Ku.5.34; R.8.15; सद्यः परस्परतुलामधिरोहतां द्वे R.5.68; 19.8,5.-5 Libra, the seventh sign of the zodiac; जयति तुलामधिरूढो भास्वानपि जलदपटलानि Pt.1.33.-6 A sloping beam or timber in the roof of a house.-7 A measure of gold or silver equal to 1 palas.-8 A kind of beam in the roof of a house (Mar. तुळई); Bṛi. S.53.3.-Comp. -अधिरोहणम् resembling; नवदिवाकरातपस्पृष्टपङ्कजतुलाधि- रोहणम् R.19.8.-अनुमानम् like inference, analogy.-कूटः a false weight.-कोटिः, -टीः f.1 an ornament (an anklet or नूपुर) worn on the feet by women; cf. तुलाकोटिस्तु मञ्जीरे Nm.; लीलाचलत्स्त्रीचरणारुणोत्पलस्खलत्तुलाकोटि- निनादकोमलः Śi.12.44.-2 a hundred millions (अर्बुद).-3 the end of the beam.-कोशः, -कोषः 1 ordeal by weighing, weighing on a balance; हीनस्य नाशो$भ्यधिकस्य वृद्धिस्तुल्येन तुल्यं तुलितं तुलायाम् । एतत्तुलाकोशरहस्यमुक्तम्... Bṛi. S.26.1.-2 a place where a balance is kept.-गुडः a kind of ball (used as missile); Mb.3.-दानम् the gift to a Brāhmaṇa. of as much gold or silver as equals the weight of one's body.-घटः 1 the scale of a balance.-2 an oar.-धरः 1 a trader, merchant.-2 the sign Libra of the zodiac.-3 The sun; तुला- धरस्तु वणिजि श्लक्ष्णराशौ दिवाकरे Nm.-धारः a dealer, trader, or merchant.-2 the string of a balance.-3 the beam.-4 the sign Libra of the zodiac.-धारणम् weighing; तुलाधारणविद्वद्भिरभियुक्तस्तुलाश्रितः Y.2.1.-परीक्षा ordeal by the balance.-पुरुषः, भारः gold, jewels or other valuable things equal to a man's weight (given to a Brāhmaṇa as a gift); cf. तुलादान.-प्रग्रहः, -प्रग्राहः the string or beam of a balance.-मानम्, -यष्टिः f.1 the beam of a balance; स्तोकेनोन्नति- मायाति स्तोकेनायात्यधोगतिम् । अहो सुसदृशी चेष्टा तुलायष्टेः खलस्य च ॥ Pt.1.15.-2 (-मानम्) weights and measures; Kau. A.2.-बीजम् the berry of the Guñjā plant (used as a weight).-सूत्रम् the string of a balance. -
10 लिङ्गम् _liṅgam
लिङ्गम् [लिङ्ग्-अच्]1 A mark, sign, token, an em- blem, a badge, symbol, distinguishing mark, character- istic; यतिपार्थिवलिङ्गधारिणौ R.8.16; अथवा प्रावृषेण्यैरेव लिङ्गै- र्मम राजोपचारः संप्रति V.4; मुनिर्दोहदलिङ्गदर्शी 14.71; Ms.1. 3;8.25,252.-2 A false or unreal mark, a guise, disguise, a deceptive badge; लिङ्गैर्मुदः संवृतविक्रियास्ते R.7. 3; क्षपणकलिङ्गधारी Mu.1; न लिङ्गं धर्मकारणम् H.4.85. See लिङ्गिन् below.-3 A symptom, mark of disease.-4 A means of proof, a proof, evidence.-5 (In logic) The hetu or middle term in a syllogism; particularly the assertion of the hetu's being found in the पक्ष or minor term coupled with the statement of the invariable concomitance between this hetu and the major term; it is thus defined:-- व्याप्तिपक्षधर्मतावल्लिङ्गम् Tarka K.-6 The sign of gender or sex.-7 Sex; गुणाः पूजास्थानं गुणिषु न च लिङ्गं न च वयः U.4.11.-8 The male organ of genera- tion.-9 Gender (in gram.)-1 The genital organ of Śiva worshipped in the form of a Phallus.-11 The image of a god, an idol; धत्ते$सावात्मनो लिङ्गं मायया विसृजन् गुणान् Bhāg.7.2.22.-12 One of the relations or indications (such as संयोग, वियोग, साहचर्य &c.) which serve to fix the meaning of a word in any particular passage; e. g. in कुपितो मकरध्वजः the word कुपित restricts the meaning of मकरध्वज to 'Kāma'; see K. P.2 and commentary ad loc.; तदेव सक्तः सह कर्मणैति लिङ्गं मनो यत्र निषक्तमस्य Bṛi. Up.4.4.6.-13 (In Vedānta phil.). The subtle frame or body, the indestructible original of the gross or visible body; cf. पञ्चकोष; यं योगिनो योग- समाधिना रहो ध्यायन्ति लिङ्गादसुतो ममुक्षया Bhāg.3.19.28.-14 A spot, stain.-15 The nominal base, the crude form of a noun (प्रातिपदिक).-16 (In Sāṅ. phil.) Pra- dhāna or Prakṛiti; q. v.-17 The effect or product (that which is evolved out of a primary cause and itself becomes a producer).-18 Inference, conclusion; अव्यक्तमिति विज्ञेयं लिङ्गग्राह्यमतीन्द्रियम् Mb.12.189.15.-19 = उपाधि; योगेन धृत्युद्यमसत्त्वयुक्तो लिङ्गं व्यपोहेत् कुशलो$हमाख्यम् Bhāg.5.5.13.-Comp. -अग्रम् the glans penis.-अनु- शासनम् the laws of grammatical gender.-अर्चनम् the worship of Śiva as a liṅga.-अर्शस् n. a particular disease of the genital organs.-आख्यः Name of one of the sub-divisions of the production according to Sāṅkhya; लिङ्गाख्यो भावाख्यः Sān K.52.-देहः, -शरीरम् the subtle frame or body; see लिङ्ग (13) above.-धारिन् a. wearing a badge.-नाशः 1 loss of the characteristic marks.-2 loss of penis.-3 loss of vision, a particular disease of the eye.-परामर्शः the finding out or con- sideration of a sign or characteristic (in logic); (e. g. that smoke is a sign of fire); as वह्निव्याप्यधूमवानयं पर्वतः इति लिङ्गपरामर्शः.-पीठम् the pedestal of a शिवलिङ्ग.-पुराणम् N. of one of the 18 Purāṇas.-प्रतिष्ठा the establishment or consecration of a liṅga.-वर्धन a. causing erection of the male organ.-विपर्ययः change of gender.-वृत्ति a. hypocritical.-वृत्तिः a religious hypocrite.-वेदी the base or pedestal of a liṅga.-शास्त्रम् a gramma- tical treatise on gender.-शोफः swelling on the penis.-स्थः a religious student; न श्रोत्रियो न लिङ्गस्थः (साक्षी कार्यः) Ms.8.65. -
11 वितर्कः _vitarkḥ
वितर्कः 1 Argument, reasoning, inference.-2 Guess, conjecture, supposition, belief; शिरीषपुष्पाधिकसौकुमार्यौ बाहू तदीयाविति मे वितर्कः Ku.1.41.-3 Fancy, thought; राग- ग्राहवती वितर्कविहगा Bh.3.45.-4 Doubt; नुनोद तस्य स्थल- पद्मिनीगतं वितर्कम् Ki.4.5;13.2.-5 Deliberation, discus- sion.-6 A teacher in divine knowledge.-7 False or adverse conjecture; वितर्कं निश्चयाज्जयेत् Mb.12.274.11.-8 Purpose, intention.-Comp. -पदवी the path of conjecture. -
12 व्याप्यत्वम् _vyāpyatvam
व्याप्यत्वम् Invariableness; व्याप्यत्वादपरा$पि च Bhāṣā P.-Comp. -असिद्धिः f. imperfect inference, where the हेतु itself is false or non-existent; as in the argument पर्वतो वह्निमान् काञ्चनमयधूमात्. -
13 вывод
м.1. ( удаление) withdrawal2. ( заключение) conclusion, inference; deduction научн.сделать вывод — draw* a conclusion; conclude, infer
можно сделать только один вывод — only one thing can be inferred / deduced, one can draw only one conclusion
прийти к выводу — come* to, или arrive at, a conclusion
поспешить с выводом — jump to a conclusion
-
14 висновок
чconclusion, deduction, inference; ( комісії) resolutionвисновок аудитора — audit report, opinion letter
висновок експерта — advisory action лат., professional conclusion, expert's statement, expert evidence, professional finding
висновок експертизи — opinion/decision of a commission of experts
висновок обвинувачення — Commonwealth opinion, People opinion, prosecution opinion, State opinion
висновок судової експертизи — forensic report, experiment(al) testimony
робити висновок — to draw a conclusion, to conclude, to infer, to deduce
неправильний висновок — а wrong conclusion, a false conclusion; paralogism
-
15 लिङ्ग
liṅgan. (once m. in NṛisUp. ;
ifc. f. ā, ī only in vishṇu-liṅgī;
prob. fr. lag;
cf. laksha, lakshaṇa) a mark, spot, sign, token, badge, emblem, characteristic (ifc. = tal-liṅga, « having anything for a mark orᅠ sign») Up. MBh. etc.;
any assumed orᅠ false badge orᅠ mark, guise, disguise MBh. Kāv. etc.;
a proof, evidence Kaṇ. KātyṠr. Sarvad. ;
a sign of guilt, corpus delicti Yājñ. Sch. ;
the sign of gender orᅠ sex, organ of generation Mn. Hariv. Pur. etc.;
the male organ orᅠ Phallus (esp. that of Ṡiva worshipped in the form of a stone orᅠ marble column which generally rises out of a yoni, q.v., andᅠ is set up in temples dedicated to Ṡiva;
formerly 12 principal Ṡiva-liṇgas existed, of which the best known are Soma-nātha in Gnjarāt, Mahā-kāla at Ujjayinī, Viṡvêṡvara at Benares etc.;
but the number of Liṇgas in India is estimated at 30 millions IW. 322 n. RTL. 78, 1; 90) MBh. R. etc.;
gender (in gram.;
cf. puṉ-l-), Prst. Pāṇ. ;
the image of a god, an idol VarBṛS. ;
(in logic) = vyāpya, the invariable mark which proves the existence of anything in an object (as in the proposition « there is fire because there is smoke», smoke is the liṅga;
cf. IW. 62);
inference, conclusion, reason (cf. kāvya-l-);
= lingaṡarīra (in Vedanta);
anything having an origin andᅠ therefore liable to be destroyed again Kap. ;
= ākāṡa Kāraṇḍ. ;
(in Sāṃkhya) = prakṛiti orᅠ pradhāna, « the eternal procreative germ» L. ;
= vyakta L. ;
cf. RTL. 30 ;
= prātipadika, the crude base orᅠ uninflected stem of a noun (shortened into li) Vop. Sch. ;
(in rhet.) an indication (word that serves to fix the meaning of another word;
e.g.. in the passage kupitomakara-dhvajaḥ the word kupita restricts the meaning of makara-dhvaja to « Kāma») = linga-purāṇa BhP. ;
the order of the religious student W. ;
a symptom, mark of disease W. ;
- लिङ्गकारणवाद
- लिङ्गकारणतापूर्वपक्षरबस्य
- लिङ्गतावाद
- लिङ्गतासिद्धान्तरहस्य
- लिङ्गकारिका
- लिङ्गकारिकावृत्ति
- लिङ्गकॢप्त
- लिङ्गगुण्टमराम
- लिङ्गचरणभाष्य
- लिङ्गज
- लिङ्गज्येष्ठ
- लिङ्गतस्
- लिङ्गत्व
- लिङ्गदुर्भेद
- लिङ्गदेह
- लिङ्गद्वादशव्रत
- लिङ्गधर
- लिङ्गधारण
- लिङ्गधारिन्
- लिङ्गनाश
- लिङ्गनिर्णय
- लिङ्गनिर्णयभूषण
- लिङ्गपरामर्श
- लिङ्गपीठ
- लिङ्गपुराण
- लिङ्गपूजापद्धति
- लिङ्गपूजाफल
- लिङ्गपूजोद्यापन
- लिङ्गप्रकाश
- लिङ्गप्रतिष्ठा
- लिङ्गभट्ट
- लिङ्गभट्टीय
- लिङ्गभाषापुराण
- लिङ्गमात्र
- लिङ्गमाहात्म्य
- लिङ्गमूर्ति
- लिङ्गलीलाविलासचरित्र
- लिङ्गलेप
- लिङ्गवत्
- लिङ्गवर्ति
- लिङ्गवर्धन
- लिङ्गवर्धिन्
- लिङ्गवाद
- लिङ्गविधि
- लिङ्गविपर्यय
- लिङ्गविसेषण
- लिङ्गविशेषविधि
- लिङ्गवृत्ति
- लिङ्गवेदी
- लिङ्गशरीर
- लिङ्गशास्त्र
- लिङ्गशोफ
- लिङ्गसम्भूता
- लिङ्गस्थ
- लिङ्गहनी
-
16 вывод
муж.1) ( удаление) withdrawal2) ( заключение) conclusion, inference; deduction научн.; ( комиссии) мн. ч. findingприйти к выводу — to come to a conclusion, to arrive at a conclusion
сделать вывод — to draw a conclusion, conclude, infer
3) матем. derivation4) электр. outlet, leading-out wire -
17 Semantics
There are people who maintain that there is no distinction between syntax and semantics, and there are others who lump the entire inference and "thought" component of an AI system under the label "semantics." Moreover, the philosophers, linguists, and programming language theorists have notions of semantics which are distinct from each other and from many of the notions of computational linguists and psychologists....First, let me set up two caricatures which I will call the Linguist and the Philosopher, without thereby asserting that all linguists fall into the first category or philosophers in the second. Both, however, represent strong traditions in their respective fields. The Linguist has the following view of semantics in linguistics: He is interested in characterizing the fact that the same sentence can sometimes mean different things, and some sentences mean nothing at all. He would like to find some notation in which to express the different things which a sentence can mean and some procedure for determining whether a sentence is "anomalous" (i.e., has no meanings). The Philosopher on the other hand is concerned with specifying the meaning of a formal notation rather than a natural language.... His notation is already unambiguous. What he is concerned with is determining when an expression in the notation is a "true" preposition (in some appropriate formal sense of truth) and when it is false.... Meaning for the Philosopher is not defined in terms of some other notation in which to represent different possible interpretations of a sentence, but he is interested in the conditions for truth of an already formal representation. (Woods, 1975, pp. 40-41)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Semantics
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